Knowing the unknowns

The Importance of Unknowns

Xenotransplantation: assessing the unknowns.

Unmeasured anions: the unknown unknowns

Evidence is emerging that elevated concentrations of the intermediates of the citric acid cycle may contribute to unmeasured anions in critical illness. Both the anion gap and the strong ion gap are used as scanning tools for recognition of these anions. The mechanisms underlying these elevations and their significance require further clarification.

The Unknowns of Cognitive Enhancement

“Man is not going to wait passively for millions of years before evolution offers him a better brain.” These words are attributed to the 20th century Romanian psychopharmacologist Corneliu Giurgea, an early advocate of cognitive enhancement—that is, the use of medications or other brain treatments for improving normal healthy cognition. Contemporary attempts at cognitive enhancement involve an ...

A Game of Unknowns.

Tsivgoulis et al previously reported that acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) who took statins before stroke onset had fewer recurrent strokes and better functional outcomes than statin-naive patients. In this issue of ATVB, the same group reports that AIS patients with LAA taking statins before stroke onset had a significant, dose-dependent reduction in...